What are the risks associated with an MOU?

Risk Matters - Winter 2024

Picture of Paul McBride

Paul McBride

Principal Risk Consultant
Paul is a Principal Risk Consultant at LGIS. He has extensive experience in advising public sector leaders and corporate executives on a suite of professional risks, including legal and liability risk, contract and procurement risk, fraud risk, climate change risk, reputational risk and stakeholder relations, governance, integrity and probity practices, directors’ duties and executive decision-making, and policy and strategy development.

A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), sometimes understood as a Letter of Intent (LOI) or Letter of Agreement (LOA), is a formal yet non-legally binding agreement between two or more parties. It is not to be confused with a formal, legally binding contract.

Both MOUs and formal contracts are common instruments within the local government sector in Western Australia. However, it is important that members are familiar with significant and often subtle differences between MOUs and contracts as the risks associated with getting it wrong can be costly.

MOUs outline intentions, roles and responsibilities, and overall goals and objectives. The MOU serves as a guide to mutual aspirations and provides a collective recognition of the potential outcomes and processes desired by the parties. They provide a clear indication that the parties are committed to working together in good faith, often as a precursor to a binding agreement.

However, the distinguishing feature is the lack of legal obligations. Meaning, there is no liability, for either party, resulting from non-compliance.

Contracts are different to MOUs in that they:

  • Are legally binding: contracts are legal documents that bind all parties to specified terms, including performance of duties and obligations. In contrast, MOUs, while structured and formal, are not enforceable.
  • Have financial obligations: contracts often involve the exchange of goods or services for monetary payments, whereas MOUs lack financial commitments or consideration.
  • Consider dispute resolution: Contracts may contain specific legal dispute resolution provisions, indemnities, limits of liability and insurance clauses; while MOUs rely on the parties’ mutual cooperation and good faith.

When local governments draft or respond to an MOU, they should be careful not to include deliverables or specific risk transfer mechanisms (such as indemnity clauses, limits of liability clauses, or insurance obligations terms). There is no opportunity to seek redress where a party fails to honour an MOU and similarly, there is no risk where members fail to comply.

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What are the risks associated with an MOU?

Both MOUs and formal contracts are common instruments within the local government sector in Western Australia. However, it is important that members are familiar with significant and often subtle differences between MOUs and contracts as the risks associated with getting it wrong can be costly.

Read More »

What’s the purpose of an MOU?

The purpose of an MOU is to clarify the functional aspects and objectives in a collaboration. MOUs are particularly beneficial in the early stages, outlining intentions and shaping the relationship, which can later evolve into a legally binding commitment.

Primary functions of MOUs include:

  • Clarifying intentions: MOUs help align both parties’ shared objectives, goals, and areas of collaboration. They ensure the parties are aligned on their purpose and desired outcome.
  • Establishing a foundational framework: Before a detailed contract is drafted, an MOU lays the foundation for collaboration or joint effort, particularly where a formal relationship is anticipated but not yet legally defined.
  • Facilitate transparent communications: An MOU is instrumental in promoting transparency and understanding between both parties. It sets out clear expectations, minimises potential misunderstandings, and fosters a cooperative atmosphere.
  • Strategic planning and alignment: MOUs are useful for strategic planning of projects and helping parties align their efforts and resources towards a common goal. Alignment is important for the successful execution of joint initiatives and collaborative projects.

While MOUs can be suitable in specific situations, contracts are generally favoured in the local government sector due to their binding nature and definitive terms. Contracts provide clear-cut and upfront agreement on details and include formal aspects,
the allocation of risks, as well as respective obligations. The preference toward contracts ensures well-defined goals, objectives, obligations, and alignment between parties for their collaboration.

For advice on MOU’s and contracts, it is best to seek the input of a suitably qualified person.

For more information on liability and contract risks talk to the LGIS Risk Team.

MOUs, DFES and volunteer bushfire fighters

For members who have an MOU with the Department of Fire and Emergency Services, please refer to the guidelines available on the LGIS website with regard to this specific relationship and managing volunteer bushfire fighters.

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Welcome to the Winter edition of 2024! As we wrap up the financial year, we’d like to take this opportunity to thank you for your continued support. We’re pleased to share that we’ve had a complete renewal with an outstanding 100% retention of our membership.

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