Li-ion fires – e-bikes, e-scooters and charging station risk queries on the rise

Risk Matters - Spring 2024

Closeup of e scooters

Members are once again asking questions about fire safety for e-bikes, e-scooters and other light electric vehicles (LEV), alongside the installation of EV charging stations. This is an evolving risk area and members should consider the developing situation.

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) fires are on the rise in WA with the Department of Fire and Emergency Services (DFES) responding to over 70 fires by June 2024. The state is well on track to surpass the previous record of 110 Li-ion fires. E-rideables have been the main ignition source for these fires.

We’re aware that some members have started using the devices, integrating them into their fleet, and others are considering the potential benefits. Others still are installing EV charging areas at their facilities. LEVs come with many benefits, however it’s important that members carefully consider and manage the risks they present.

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Where we’ve been – Spring 2024

The 2024 WA Local Government Convention over 8 to 10 October was an excellent opportunity to chat with members and talk about the issues that matter to you. Over 650 delegates attended from across the state and we appreciated the effort many made to seek out our team to provide feedback and ask questions.

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Increased danger with Li-ion fires

DFES advises that batteries of cheaper products have flooded the market in recent years and are now becoming damaged or reaching their end-of-life. These batteries are being replaced by incompatible alternatives, posing a serious fire risk.

Batteries that enter thermal runaway and explode can start a fire metres away from where they are being charged, potentially engulfing a large area the size of an entire home in a matter of minutes.

Thermal runaway involves violent bursting of one or multiple battery cells, hissing and release of toxic, flammable and explosive gases, and an intense, self-sustaining fire.

EV charging and property risk

There are a range of practical considerations for members when developing policies and procedures to manage the risks presented by the charging of both EV and LEV. The location of charging stations along with their ongoing maintenance also needs serious thought.

escooter on charge

Safe charging and storage recommendations

  • Locate storage and charging facilities so that a fire cannot obstruct means of escape from the building.
  • Ensure ground-level entry is available, so firefighters can get direct access from the fire engine parking location and provide premises information and signage.
  • Charging and storage in a basement may need smoke control and sprinkler systems upgrading.
  • Install an automatically openable vent linked to the fire detector and also water-based fire suppression if not already in place.
  • Ensure a means of raising the fire alarm is in place along with smoke detectors.
  • Ensure an external means to isolate the electrical power for the storage/charging room is provided and clearly signposted.
  • Consider the implications of possible high-temperature fires on the building structure
  • Consider how water run-off and contaminated water will be handled as fighting li-Ion fires often involves considerable amounts of water
  • Consider additional issues including the location of gas intake pipes

Managing premises

  • Consider policies that restrict LEV battery charging on the premises, but not restricting access or storage. This may be a particularly appropriate approach where these devices are less likely to be parked overnight, and are more likely to be stored in a lower-risk parking facility during working hours if employees are using them for commuting purposes
  • General policies restricting the storage of e-cycles, e-scooters and similar items in common areas, stairwells and other fire escape routes should be fully implemented and monitored.
  • If secure and safe cycle storage and charging provisions exist, users should be strongly encouraged to leave batteries in place on e-cycles and charge them there, rather than removing the battery and charging at their desks or common areas.
  • If there is shared access to the storage and charging area, staff/ visitors may be concerned about theft of batteries and/ or chargers, even if the cycle itself can be securely locked. This might lead them to remove batteries and charge them elsewhere. One solution is to provide secure battery charging lockers in or near the storage area (with a mains socket in each locker). Any such lockers should be specifically designed for e-cycle/e-scooter battery charging, be clearly labelled and installation should ideally include automatic ventilation to the outside.
  • Make clear that damaged lithium batteries are a particularly high fire risk and should not be brought onto the premises.
  • In most cases, e-cycles have more than adequate range for commuting journeys without requiring regular charging at the workplace.

Resources for members

The potential risks of a li-ion fire to people and assets are significant. For members, the key concerns are staff use, with regard to fleet, and charging of EV. The installation of EV chargers also needs careful consideration to make sure that installation, management and maintenance of the facility for its lifetime is factored into the acquisition decision.

LGIS has two resources for members on the subject.

  • Electric vehicle charging areas, property conservation guidelines (October 2023), and
  • Managing the fire risks associated with micro-mobility options.

Members can also contact the LGIS Fleet Risk team for further information.

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CEO’s Message – Spring 2024

The recent WA Local Government Convention was an excellent opportunity to chat with members and talk about the issues that matter to you. LGIS also appreciated the invitation from WALGA to provide members with an update at their AGM on our 2023/24 results and achievements. For more information, our end of financial year reports, A Year in Review and Annual Financial Report, are now available on the LGIS website or you can read the article on page 18.

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